Changing microbiota in hospitalized patients increase the COVID-19 severity, a possible cause of developing the dysregulated immune response- A literature Study

Title : Changing microbiota in hospitalized patients increase the COVID-19 severity, a possible cause of developing the dysregulated immune response- A literature Study

Abstract:

Human physiological homeostasis and onset of the disease, is largely depend on the interactions among resident microbiome of skin, oral cavity, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal system, genital area, and host’s protective immunity. Gut probiotics like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium rectale and bifidobacteria, influence the immunomodulatory signaling, were noted to be depleted in hospitalized patients even after the disease resolution than healthy individuals. IBD is induced by SARSCoV-2, could stimulate the severity events via alteration of the gut microbiota during/ after the respiratory infection. The viral RNA signature in the faecal samples of recovered patients and its presence for longer period, even after the clearance of the virus from respiratory tract, is suggestive of dysbiosis leading to the poor prognosis of COVID-19 in ICU patients. GM plays a significant role to stimulate the modulated antiviral immune response against invading pathogens regulating the physiological homeostasis. GM profile of COVID-19 patients has revealed the drastic depletion of dominant families of commensals viz., Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, were reported to be substituted with Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Serratia etc.; consequently, developing the dysfunctional activities of Th1-Th2 cells along the lung-gut axis exchanging microbes & other toxic metabolites and translocating them to the other body organs too. It is also speculated that the gut virome and bacteriophages could also interfere in maintaining / or disrupting the homeostasis. Excessive secretion of chemokines and cytokines cause ARDS, interstitial pneumonia and organ failure. Virome/ and microbiome also interact with immune cells to regulate the immune signaling mechanisms. Therefore, it is imperative to build strategies to develop novel therapeutics in controlling these hyperinflammatory severity events.

Biography:

Dr. Anju Kaushal is PhD in Science from Panjab University. She is a current-member of NZOQ and a Research Topic Coordinator–Frontiers in Antibiotics. She worked on Rabies, Aspergillus, Candida, HIV, enzymes, fermentation technologies etc. Her areas of interest include vaccines, sera, diagnostics and novel therapeutics. Her expertise is in R&D, Productions and Quality in biologicals, diagnostics and academia, including marketing, information and communications, and small business management. She has assisted many scientists in their careers. She has authored 15 articles in peer reviewed journals, published >40 articles on LinkedIn, and peer-reviewed a variety of research around the globe.