Title : To identify and distinguish cytokine storms based on manifestations, and to protect human from infectious disease by targeting cytokines
Abstract:
The recent global outbreaks of infectious diseases such as SARS and COVID-19 have inflicted damage on both individuals and societies worldwide. To develop scientific strategies for prevention and precise treatment measures to counteract such outbreaks is imperative. After 28 years of research, we have formulated a novel medical theory and precision treatment model aimed at infectious disease outbreaks. This groundbreaking theory has undergone rigorous scrutiny of the underlying concepts governing the progression and dynamic evolution of infectious diseases. Moreover, it has successfully addressed the longstanding scientific enigma of cytokine storms, which has eluded resolution in modern medicine for the past half-century. By establishing a framework for the precise diagnosis and treatment of cytokine storms, our research represents a significant advancement in the field of medicine with profound implications for the diagnosis and treatment of various human diseases. The elucidation of the scientific complexities surrounding cytokine storms signifies a monumental milestone in medical progress and holds immense potential to revolutionize global healthcare practices. Our theory stands poised to rapidly discern critical features of cytokine storms associated with any outbreak, present or future, thereby equipping the medical community, the World Health Organization (WHO), and governmental bodies with the necessary tools to devise strategic interventions and implement precise diagnosis and treatment protocols. Given the recurrent emergence of new epidemics worldwide, the expeditious dissemination of this groundbreaking theory is paramount.
Cytokines are unique polypeptides that serve as primary messengers, exerting significant influence in the development, progression, and evolution of diseases, particularly infectious ones. Comprising various cytokines, receptors, and associated molecules, the cytokine network plays a pivotal role in regulating physiological responses. Despite decades of study, cytokine storms have remained a perplexing challenge in the medical community for over 50 years. Our research introduces novel concepts regarding cytokine storms: they manifest through diverse abnormal patterns and intensities, representing a comprehensive dysfunctionality within the cytokine network, rather than mere irregularities in individual cytokine levels. The ultimate dysfunctionality within the cytokine network and the disease manifestations hinge on the predominant cytokines within the imbalanced network, or the cytokine storm itself. Identifying the features of a cytokine storm relies on recognizing the disease manifestations it induces.
According to our new theory, the cytokine profile of COVID-19 reflects an imbalance and dysfunctionality stemming from heightened activity of TGF-β and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), with a notable emphasis on the excessively elevated activity of TGF-β. A defining symptom of this profile is fatigue. The pathogenesis of these symptoms follows a specific mechanism: TGF-β binds to its receptors, triggering a series of pathological processes and resultant manifestations. Fatigue arises from mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased Na+-K+-ATPase activity induced by TGF-β. Additionally, TGF-β promotes the secretion of bronchial mucus, leading to the production of thick mucus and pulmonary sputum embolism, impairing normal respiratory function and potentially precipitating severe complications such as life-threatening infections and shock. Furthermore, TGF-β acts as a potent immunosuppressive agent, significantly dampening immune function and impeding recovery. Its inhibitory effects on lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation contribute to reduced peripheral blood lymphocyte counts. These findings were disseminated by Chinese media and supported by various publications, including an article published in Frontiers in Public Health in 2021.
In summary, we propose that the characteristics of a cytokine storm can be discerned through the manifestations of diseases. We have unravelled the abnormal regulations and dynamic patterns of cytokine storms in human illnesses. This breakthrough enables us to identify the cytokine storm feature and administer precise treatment for any future infectious diseases worldwide. For instance, we can now identify the cytokine storm feature of the current dengue fever outbreaks occurring in numerous countries. This discovery serves to protect human from the severe consequences of infectious disease outbreaks, facilitating precise diagnosis and treatment for viral infectious diseases and making personalized, precise pathophysiological treatments.
