Title : The changing epidemiology of malaria in Trinidad and Tobago
Abstract:
Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of malaria in Trinidad and Tobago from 1997 to 2019 and to make recommendations for prevention and control on a background of migration and climate change.
Study design: A retrospective review of surveillance data.
Methods: Descriptive epidemiology was undertaken on surveillance data for the period 1997 to 2019. An epidemic curve was created to show the number of cases over the years and statistical analyses were performed to determine the presence of significant associations among variables such as parasite subtype, gender, country of origin.
Results: A clear increase in the number of cases was observed from 2018 which continued into 2019. Most cases were seen in males. The data show a switch in the country of origin of most reported cases over time. The predominant parasite type was found to be Plasmodium vivax.
Conclusions: The epidemiology of malaria in Trinidad is changing – P vivax was found to be the predominant parasite which is a change from P falciparum as previously documented. The country of origin of cases reflects recent migration into the country. These factors present an opportunity to strengthen surveillance and cross-border initiatives; enhance health education, clinical and environmental services on a background of migration and climate change. Trinidad and Tobago should strive to maintain its malaria-free status by ensuring accessibility by the host and migrant populations to equitable health services in a framework of universal health coverage, in keeping with the World Health Assembly 2021 resolution on malaria.
