Changes in temperature, rainfall and humidity due to global warming affect mosquito-borne disease transmission. However, coastal areas are also influenced by the expansion of brackish water mosquito habitats as a result of global warming leading to higher sea levels. Typical fres [....] » Read More
Hydrophobic molecules with poor water solubility are often associated with low bioavailability. This physical property prevents these molecules from being developed for new drug use. Examples of these hydrophobic drug candidates include paclitaxel (Taxol), quercetin, cannabidiol [....] » Read More
Introduction: Surgical Site Infections (SSI) are a significant healthcare concern, particularly in patients undergoing clean Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) surgeries. SSIs can lead to severe complications, extended hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs. Object [....] » Read More
Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD), a viral tick-borne infection, has been a significant public health threat in southern India, particularly in regions with abundant wildlife and forest areas. The disease, primarily transmitted by the bite of infected Haemaphysalis ticks, has been sp [....] » Read More
Our recent study elucidates the protective role of alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG) in suppressing thrombosis and inflammation in mice. This effect is mediated through augmentation of prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) activity, leading to inhibition of AKT phosphorylation and HIF1-&alph [....] » Read More
The global rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, represents a significant public health concern. This study investigated the prevalence and molecular characterization o [....] » Read More
Virologic-immunologic failure and virologic-immunologic discordance are vital for predicting clinical outcomes. In HIV-infected people, the CD4+ T lymphocyte count (CD4) and HIV viral load were used to track and assess the treatment response of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The o [....] » Read More
In this research work, we formulated a fractional-order model for the transmission dynamics of Zika virus that incorporates three control strategies namely; health education campaign, use of insecticides, and prevention measures. We presented the theoretical analysis of the model [....] » Read More
The cuticle composition of insects contains chitin in a matrix with cuticular proteins, waxes, hydrocarbons, and other compounds. Insect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are a group of lipids that includes several hundreds of individual compounds among which the main chemical groups [....] » Read More
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes over 99% of all cervical cancer globally. In 2022, it was responsible for over 3200 deaths in Kenya. Data on the epidemiological distribution of HPV genotypes by cervical dysplasia and HIV status which is important in designing preven [....] » Read More
Background: Meningo-encephalitis in Sub-Saharan Africa is accompanied by a mortality rate documented as high as 90%. It is linked to diverse immunosuppressive states. The etiology has remained largely undefined by traditional diagnostic tools with studies reporting an unidentifia [....] » Read More
Background: The emergence of antifungal resistance in fungal pathogens highlights the need for local epidemiological data to guide empirical therapy in clinical settings. Fungal research and anti-fungal drug resistance studies are limited in developing countries; hence, there is [....] » Read More
Infectious diseases continue to pose a major global health threat, made worse by the continuous emergence of new pathogens, especially viruses, and the increasing spread of antibiotic-resistant strains. Viral infections, in particular, are a serious concern due to their ability t [....] » Read More
The genetic diversity and allele frequencies of MSP-1, MSP-2 and glutamtew rich protein of P. falciparum and consequence on malaria control was investigated in some parts of Cross River State, Nigeria. A total of 230 finger prick samples of blood were examined for the presence of [....] » Read More
Fournier’s Gangrene is an aggressive form of genital necrotizing fasciitis with a mortality rate of 22% – 40%. Clinical features include pain out of proportion to area of erythema, fever, edema, and significant skin discoloration. While traditionally associated with s [....] » Read More
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has not yet been eradicated. SARS-CoV-2 has two types of proteases, a main protease (Mpro) and a papain-like protease (PLpro). Papain-like protease (PLpro) is a viral p [....] » Read More
Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a zoonotic infectious disease prevalent in East Asia, with a mortality rate of 5–30%. Despite trials with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and antiviral treatments, no established treatment strategy exists f [....] » Read More
Background: Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) is a viral tick-borne disease with high mortality rates, particularly in East Asia. Despite advances in understanding its pathophysiology, effective treatment strategies remain limited. The Multiple Organ Dysfunction [....] » Read More
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a substantial public health challenge, yet the economic burden of non-hepatic non-communicable diseases (NHNCDs) caused by HBV remains unquantified. We aim to quantify macroeconomic losses of NHNCDs attributable to HBV on a glob [....] » Read More
Acute invasive fungal sinusitis though uncommonly encountered, is a life threatening condition with a high mortality rate. It progresses rapidly from the time of diagnosis and may result in death in a short span of time if left untreated. Here we present the MRI / CT imaging find [....] » Read More
Background: To examine the COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy level and influencing factors among parents of children aged 5–17 years residing in San Juan City. Results determined parental concerns and identified effective measures for health education. Objectives: To determ [....] » Read More
Background: Snakebite envenoming has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the highest priority neglected tropical diseases. Globally, snakebite results in a significant burden of illness, including the Philippines. Snake venom is composed of various to [....] » Read More
Statement of the Problem: Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death in children worldwide, accounting for 15% of all deaths in children under the age of five. Hypoxemia is a major cause of death in patients suffering from pneumonia. There is strong evidence that using pu [....] » Read More
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a highly contagious and severe infectious disease of cattle that is listed as a notifiable disease of cattle by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), which can lead to severe losses of cattle. Recently in the year 2022, two d [....] » Read More
Background: Infection with the Dengue virus (DENV) among blood donors presents a significant risk to blood safety and can lead to transfusion-transmitted dengue. Studies conducted in various regions have reported varying prevalence rates of DENV markers among blood donors. Higher [....] » Read More
Introduction: This case report describes the presentation, investigation, and non-surgical management of an unusual case of unilateral necrotising cervical lymphadenitis. A two-year-old girl had a three-month history of left-sided submandibular swelling which was managed by her l [....] » Read More
Background: Toxoplasma encephalitis represents a prevalent late-stage complication of severe immunodeficiency in patients living with HIV. Within resource-constrained settings in the Philippines, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole is the sole available therapeutic intervention for thi [....] » Read More
Introduction: Influenza is a significant global public health threat whose epidemiology is well-documented in high-income countries, whereas data from the African continent, including Tanzania, is still limited. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and prac [....] » Read More
The Inclusion Health Program was set up to develop a model of care for people who inject drugs and who have developed acute infections. The aim of the program is to improve both the patient and the healthcare provider experiences by improving healthcare outcomes (treatment comple [....] » Read More
Introduction: Surgical site infection is common in gynaecological oncology surgery worldwide. It constitutes a burden to patients and to the healthcare system. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a lockdown across the globe to minimise human contact, therefore curbing the spread of [....] » Read More
Background: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with a significant impact on Middle Eastern countries, including Oman. Its diagnosis is challenging due to non-specific symptoms and difficulty in interpreting serological test results. This study aims to understand the epidemiology a [....] » Read More
Treatment of infectious diseases with antibiotics is a marvel of medicine and the most significant clinical developments of the 21st century. However, the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance genes especially in gran-negative bacteria in the healthcare settings, community, [....] » Read More
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a pathogenic respiratory virus that is considered to affect not only children but also adults, especially elderly persons aged ≥65 years. However, in Japan, the annual epidemic situation and severity of RSV infections in these a [....] » Read More
COVID-19 vaccines have reduced the negative health and economic impact of the COVID.19 pandemic by preventing severe disease, hospitalizations and deaths. In the new socio-economic normality, the COVID-19 vaccination strategy can be universal or high-risk and seasonal or not seas [....] » Read More
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a common virus usually associated with roseola in children. However, reactivation in immunocompetent adults is particularly rare. This, however, can cause diagnostic challenges, which delays the identification and treatment. When HHV-6 reactivates i [....] » Read More
Objective: Vaccines are the most cost-effective public health tools for preventing infectious diseases and disease-related disabilities and deaths. Millions of children are saved every year through vaccination. However, increasing the rate of success through more vaccination is p [....] » Read More
Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) are two among other forms of infections for which co-infection in HIV has been associated with alteration of the immune response, increased risk of progression to liver diseases and increased risk of hepatotoxicity associated to antiretroviral therap [....] » Read More
Background: The decline in global COVID-19 testing has reduced attention to public health measures designed to mitigate infections among vulnerable populations at heightened risk of severe outcomes and long-term complications. With a lack of current guidance and misinformation ar [....] » Read More
Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of malaria in Trinidad and Tobago from 1997 to 2019 and to make recommendations for prevention and control on a background of migration and climate change. Study design: A retrospective review of surveill [....] » Read More
Meningoencephalitis is a significant global burden of morbidity, mortality, and lasting neurological damage, with various causes including viral, non-viral infections, and autoimmune processes. In the West, autoimmune encephalitis has become more common than any individual infect [....] » Read More
SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that affects the human immune system. It was observed to be on the rise since the beginning of 2020 and turned into a life-threatening pandemic. Scientists have tried to develop a possible preventive and therapeutic drug against severe acute respiratory synd [....] » Read More
Background: Ocular leptospirosis, a severe yet underrecognized complication of systemic leptospirosis, is an emerging global health concern. Primarily affecting tropical and subtropical regions, this neglected zoonotic disease contributes to significant morbidity and vision loss, [....] » Read More
Introduction. Infection with hepatitis C virus (hepatitis C) is an important medical and social problem in Poland and worldwide. In Poland, approximately 2% of the total population is infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) (estimated at 730,000 people). HCV is an etiologic factor [....] » Read More
This quality improvement (QI) project aims to enhance sepsis management in a rural hospital system facing challenges due to limited resources and lack of specialized training. Sepsis, a critical global health issue, poses unique challenges in rural settings where timely identific [....] » Read More
Background: Septic shock, a severe manifestation of sepsis, is characterized by life-threatening circulatory and metabolic abnormalities, leading to organ dysfunction. Despite global efforts to standardize sepsis management, septic shock remains a significant contributor to [....] » Read More
Background: Bloodstream infections (BSI) carry substantial morbidity and mortality, requiring prompt antimicrobial administration. Many global infectious disease and sepsis guidelines suggest a multi-site sampling strategy of blood cultures to diagnose BSI, however, a growing bod [....] » Read More
Achromobacter xylosoxidans, formerly called Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, is an oxidase-positive, non-fermentative bacilli primarily found in contaminated soil or water. Irrespective of the age group, it primarily causes opportunistic infections in certain conditions and hospital-acq [....] » Read More
Sepsis has high morbidity and mortality, and continues to be a focus of innovation and improvement internationally. Blood cultures are the single most important microbiological diagnostic tool in the septic patient. Recent guidance produced by NHS England has highlighted th [....] » Read More
We present a case of 34 y old male who initially presented to emergency department with multiple episodes of vomiting and diarrhoea accompanied by lower urinary tract symptoms. There was no history of binge alcohol intake, eating takeaway food or travel. On review of his observat [....] » Read More
Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) accounts for over 100,000 hospital admissions a year in the United Kingdom (UK). There is a need for a standardisation of the diagnosis and management of CAP, further highlighted by the variation in the number and length of CAP admis [....] » Read More
Title : The role of the humoral innate immune system in evasion of streptococcus pyogenes infections
Francis J. Castellino, University of Notre Dame, United States
The human innate immune system plays a central role in controlling the virulence of Streptococcal pyogenes (GAS) infections. Important participants of the humoral response to these infections are the coagulation, complement, and inflammatory systems. GAS responds to h [....] » Read More
Title : Impressive virologic suppression of SHIV infection with long-term AAV delivery of monoclonal antibodies
Ronald Desrosiers, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
Antibody-based approaches for the treatment or prevention AIDS virus infection are made possible by an incredible array of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with potent neutralizing activity against a broad range of HIV isolates. Most infected people do not make such antibodies but we [....] » Read More
Title : 2000 years of pandemics: Past, present and future
Claudia Ferreira, Biophytis Sorbonne, France
A pandemic is considered as an outbreak of a disease occurring over a wide geographic area, crossing national borders, and affecting a high proportion of the world. During the 1st millennium AD, three main pandemics emerged. The Antonine Plague (165-190 AD), caused by hemorrhagic [....] » Read More
Title : Role of mast cells in infection and inflammation
Pio Conti, University in Chieti, Italy
Mast cells (MCs) originate from CD34+/CD117+/CD13+ pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and they express the c-Kit receptor (c-Kit-R) which regulates their proliferation and sustains their survival, differentiation, and maturation. MCs are immune tissue cells derived from bone ma [....] » Read More
Title : Effect of glutathione on antibiotic susceptibility and resistance in bacteria
Dong H Kwon, Long Island University, United States
Infections with antibiotic resistance are associated with millions of deaths annually and are a significant healthcare challenge. A new antibiotic or strategy is an urgent priority to reduce antibiotic resistance. Glutathione (GSH) is a biogenic thiol compound for an optimal intr [....] » Read More
Title : Investigation of the HPV 53 E2 protein as a potential treatment for cervical cancer
Carlo Ferrazzano, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
Human papilloma virus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are the most common cause of cervical cancer where integration-associated loss-of-function of the viral E2 protein promotes malignant progression. HPV type 53 is a low-risk virus which does not promote malignant changes and the current [....] » Read More
Title : Latin America and the caribbean consortium: Connecting excellence to enhance the skills base of local research teams in emerging infectious diseases
Fernando Rubinstein, Instituto de Efectividad Clinica y Sanitaria, Argentina
Introduction: To respond to the emerging Zika outbreak, a community of practice (CoP) was created to provide support to implement high-quality, coherent research in affected communities in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The achievements of this CoP laid the groundwork for [....] » Read More
Title : Foot-and-mouth disease virus antigenic landscape and reduced immunogenicity elucidated in atomic detail
Michiel Harmsen, Wageningen University and Research, Netherlands
Unlike most other picornaviruses, foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) intact virions (146S) dissociate easily into small pentameric subunits (12S). This causes a dramatically reduced protective efficacy of vaccines based on authentic FMDV particles. Although this has been observed for d [....] » Read More
Title : Loss of ballance
Kurt E. Muller, Dresden International University, Germany
Most human functional systems are dual organized, with a supporting and a controlling system that maintains the balance of both through feedback mechanisms. In the case of illness, dysregulation is a temporarily necessary process that should end with the restauration of bal [....] » Read More
Title : FawCells, The universal alternative for antibiotics
Fawzy Abdelatty, Heidelberger Center for Cellular Therapy, Germany
FawCells are Methylation Induced Pluripotent Cells which are prepared from peripheral blood samples. For patients, these samples can be obtained from autologous, heterologous or xenographic sources. These cells are very potent in infection prevention and control. They have the po [....] » Read More
Title : Risk factors of mortality and development of a scoring system for predicting mortality among patients with leptospirosis
Goutham Krishna T.C, Government Medical College, India
Background: Leptospirosis, a potentially fatal zoonotic infection, has been on the rise in Kerala, India particularly among individuals involved in water-related occupations and activities. With increasing incidence and mortality rates, there is an urgent need to identify key ris [....] » Read More
Title : Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile among different stages of COVID-19 infection
Gaurav Gupta, AIIMS, India
Aim: to characterize Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-?, and IL-17A) among different stages of COVID-19 infection. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which included 6 healthy individuals and 68 patients who were admitted with COVI [....] » Read More
Title : A cohort study of the spectrum of coagulopathy in acute sepsis and its correlation with physiological scores and outcome
Aishwarya Vyas, SMS Medical College, India
Purpose: To evaluate the spectrum of coagulopathy in acute sepsis and to correlate it with sequential physiological scores (SOFA & APACHE II) and compare the findings among survivors and non-survivors. Design: Prospective cohort Methods: It is a prospective [....] » Read More
Title : IPC capacity building- Orientation training for COVID-19 preparedness and IPC for healthcare facilities
Arya S Kumar, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, India
Introduction: Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) is crucial in healthcare settings, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to enhance IPC practices across various healthcare facilities in Kerala, India, marking the first multicenter initiative of its [....] » Read More
Title : Universal PCR assays to detect Candida FKS and ERG11 mutations
Cheung Yuk Yam, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong
The emergence of antifungal resistance in Candida species presents significant challenges in managing infections, particularly among immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to develop rapid molecular assays for detecting mutations in the FKS genes across four clinically sign [....] » Read More
Title : Addressing the intersection of long COVID, inflammation, and cancer in the public health care sector of South Africa
Kyrtania Pather, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), has emerged as a significant public health concern globally. Characterized by persistent symptoms such as fatigue, chronic inflammation, and immune dysregulation, Long COVID is believed to increase the risk of non [....] » Read More
Title : Laparoscopic heller myotomy with anterior fundoplication in an elderly male patient with achalasia and coexisting miliary tuberculosis: A case report
Abraham P. Bayan, Capitol Medical Center, Philippines
Background: This case report aims to present the applicability and safety of laparoscopic Heller myotomy with anterior fundoplication in an elderly male patient with achalasia and coexisting military tuberculosis. Although the exact cause of achalasia has not been determined, the [....] » Read More
Title : Profiling of human IL-22+ T cell clones from patients affected with schistosoma mansoni: Insights into macrophage regulation and liver fibrosis
Fernanda Scopelliti, National Institute for Health, Italy
Tissue damage caused by Schistosoma mansoni infection is primarily due to a granulomatous, T-cell-mediated response to eggs, which ultimately leads to liver fibrosis and portal hypertension. In the early phase of infection, the immune response is dominated by Th1 lymphocytes; how [....] » Read More
Title : Overlooked possible menace to life also known as PML
Alejandro Carmona Casillas, University of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico
Introduction: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a relatively rare manifestation of immunosuppressed patients due to medication or diseases such as HIV/AIDS. PML arises from the reactivation of the human polyomavirus, more commonly known as JC virus. Over th [....] » Read More
Title : Microbiological activity of bovhyaluronidaze azoximer against microbial biofilms
Roman Kozlov, Smolenks State Medical University, Russian Federation
Background. Biofilm-related infections are most often characterized by low susceptibility to treatment due to the difficulty of antibiotics penetration into the biofilm. This fact repeatedly increases the level of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In turn, the spread of AMR signifi [....] » Read More
Title : Prevalence and determinants of acute stress disorder among COVID-19 survivors during the pandemic’s final phase: A cross-sectional study in seven major Chinese cities
Ziying Yang, Sun Yat-sen University, China
Background: Acute stress disorder (ASD) is commonly observed among individuals who have been infected with COVID-19 (PEIC) and may progress to post-traumatic stress disorder. Following the relaxation of COVID-19 control measures in China during November/December 2022, the infecti [....] » Read More
Title : A single center retrospective study on the incidence and clinical outcomes of patients infected with Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC)-producing klebsiella pneumoniae
Kevin Cezar A. Estacio, Dr. Paulino J. Garcia Memorial Research Medical Center, Philippines
Introduction: Currently, one of the most significant nosocomial pathogens is Klebsiella pneumoniae strains that produce carbapenemase, in fact it is one of the most prevalent carbapenemase genes worldwide. Its rise also become a major global public health concern, and the be [....] » Read More
Title : False-negative HIV antibody test results in a patient with advanced HIV disease – related disseminated histoplasmosis
Maria Venice Velasco Atienza, Philippine Society of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Philippines
Background: Disseminated or extrapulmonary histoplasmosis is seen in patients with impaired T- lymphocyte function. As one of the AIDS-defining conditions, the diagnosis of histoplasmosis is an indication to recommend HIV screening and testing. Case: We report a case of a [....] » Read More
Title : Incidence of acute pancreatitis among patients with moderate to severe leptospirosis and its clinical outcomes: A single center retrospective study in a tertiary hospital
Karizza Angeles, Dr. Paulino J. Garcia Memorial Research Medical Center, Philippines
Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is considered as an uncommon complication of leptospirosis. However, literatures suggested that this condition still occurs among leptospirosis patients. This study aims to determine the incidence of acute pancreatitis in moderate [....] » Read More
Title : Mpox in patients seen at the research institute for tropical medicine: A case series
L. Angelique Gene E. Duran, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Philippines
Background: WHO declared the Mpox outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern twice in 3 years, in July 2022 and August 2024. To date, the Philippines has reported 15 confirmed cases. We described the demographics, clinical presentations, transmission ris [....] » Read More
Title : Exploring the antibacterial efficacy of adam series compounds against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates
Balsam Qubais Saeed, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Antibiotics significantly reducing morbidity and mortality from bacterial infections. The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a pressing global health, endangering the effectiveness of our most potent antibiotics. This study investigates the antibacterial efficacy [....] » Read More
Title : Real-world effectiveness of therapeutic plasma exchange in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Hyun Ji Woo, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Korea, Republic of
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) is a life-threatening infectious disease for which no standardized treatment has been established. Observational studies have suggested that therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) may enhance survival outcomes in patients with SFTS. H [....] » Read More