Changes in temperature, rainfall and humidity due to global warming affect mosquito-borne disease transmission. However, coastal areas are also influenced by the expansion of brackish water mosquito habitats as a result of global warming leading to higher sea levels and the accum [....] » Read More
Hydrophobic molecules with poor water solubility are often associated with low bioavailability. This physical property prevents these molecules from being developed for new drug use. Examples of these hydrophobic drug candidates include paclitaxel (Taxol), quercetin, cannabidiol [....] » Read More
Anticytokine autoantibodies, particularly anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (AAbs), disrupt cytokine functions, leading to infections, autoimmune-like diseases, and conditions resembling IL-12/IFN-γ pathway defects. Advances in genetic testing have clarified overlaps between [....] » Read More
COVID-19 vaccines have reduced the negative health and economic impact of the COVID.19 pandemic by preventing severe disease, hospitalizations and deaths. In the new socio-economic normality, the COVID-19 vaccination strategy can be universal or high-risk and seasonal or not seas [....] » Read More
The healthcare sector has undergone significant transformation since the events of 2019, which marked the beginning of a major health crisis requiring substantial shifts in policies and practices. In response to increased concerns about the safety of healthcare workers, the use o [....] » Read More
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, personal protective equipment (PPE), including masks, gloves, gowns, and eye protection, became an essential safeguard for healthcare workers and patients. This study aimed to estimate the cost of PPE utilization in an emergency departmen [....] » Read More
Malaria is a life-threatening illness, caused by infection of red blood cells by Plasmodium parasites. It is transmitted through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Symptoms tend to be non-specific, such as fever and malaise, which can make it difficult to detect. C [....] » Read More
Introduction: Hip infections from diverse etiologies—including septic arthritis, psoas bursa infection, tracking of psoas abscess, and infected chronic deep vein thrombosis—represent limb-threatening emergencies requiring prompt diagnosis and management. Point-of-care [....] » Read More
This review deals with enveloped viruses, whose structure is basically descripted, with particular attention to those that commonly affect the respiratory tract. Then, we analyze how ethanol can alterate this envelope, leading to distruction or inactivation of such pathogens; par [....] » Read More
Introduction. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, rumours claimed that alcohol drinking could someway be useful in contrasting the contagion and even the disease. It appears opportune to bring some robust data to determine whether heavy alcohol drinkers and non-drinkers experienced d [....] » Read More
In Latin America, antimicrobial resistance is an urgent public health priority. Currently, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics is associated with increased costs in care and the emergence of multi-resistant germs. There are few studies that evaluate the impact of antibiotic use [....] » Read More
Objective: Infectious diseases are still a serious public health problem in the world. Millions of people die from infectious diseases every year, and cardiovascular events account for a very important proportion. Through the treatment of infectious diseases (tuberculosis) in our [....] » Read More
Background: Infectious disease (ID) has been reported to exacerbate heart failure (HF); however, a comprehensive evaluation of ID in relation to incident HF is limited. Purpose: We aim to assess the association of ID and ID-polygenetic risk score (PRS) with incident HF and car [....] » Read More
Our recent study elucidates the protective role of alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG) in suppressing thrombosis and inflammation in mice. This effect is mediated through augmentation of prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) activity, leading to inhibition of AKT phosphorylation and HIF1-&alph [....] » Read More
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by the parasite Leishmania donovani and transmitted by sandflies. In India, the elimination target for VL is defined as less than 1 case per 10,000 population per year at the block level. As the country appr [....] » Read More
Dengue fever is considered one of the most common viral illnesses, widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The exact pathogenesis of myocardial injury due to DENV has not been clearly understood but direct invasion of virus and cytokine-me [....] » Read More
Background: COVID-19, a global pandemic declared by WHO on March 11, 2020, has been linked to hyperinflammatory responses mediated by cytokine storms. The COVID-19 virus directly infects the macrophages and monocytes via ACE-2 receptors, leading to a hyperinflammatory syndrome wh [....] » Read More
Virologic-immunologic failure and virologic-immunologic discordance are vital for predicting clinical outcomes. In HIV-infected people, the CD4+ T lymphocyte count (CD4) and HIV viral load were used to track and assess the treatment response of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The o [....] » Read More
A 58-year-old male farmer with a history of hypertension, diabetes, gout, a chronic smoker and alcoholic, presented with a three-week history of intermittent low back pain, on-radiating, relieved by rest, and aggravated by movement, especially bending forward. Associated with wor [....] » Read More
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes over 99% of all cervical cancer globally. In 2022, it was responsible for over 3200 deaths in Kenya. Data on the epidemiological distribution of HPV genotypes by cervical dysplasia and HIV status which is important in designing preven [....] » Read More
Despite the availability of effective vaccines and immunoglobulins, rabies still remains a problem in many parts of the world.. It also poses a problem for those who go to risky areas. More than 50,000 people die from rabies every year. More than 50,000 people die from rabies eve [....] » Read More
Introduction: To the best of our knowledge there is no published material on EENT HAIs in a PICU. HAIs in PICU represent a significant clinical and managerial challenge. The main objectives of our study were to investigate the pattern of microbial isolates in EENT HAIs in PICU ca [....] » Read More
Background: This case report aims to present the applicability and safety of laparoscopic Heller myotomy with anterior fundoplication in an elderly male patient with achalasia and coexisting military tuberculosis. Although the exact cause of achalasia has not been determined, the [....] » Read More
Background: Meningo-encephalitis in Sub-Saharan Africa is accompanied by a mortality rate documented as high as 90%. It is linked to diverse immunosuppressive states. The etiology has remained largely undefined by traditional diagnostic tools with studies reporting an unidentifia [....] » Read More
Background: The emergence of antifungal resistance in fungal pathogens highlights the need for local epidemiological data to guide empirical therapy in clinical settings. Fungal research and anti-fungal drug resistance studies are limited in developing countries; hence, there is [....] » Read More
The genetic diversity and allele frequencies of MSP-1, MSP-2 and glutamtew rich protein of P. falciparum and consequence on malaria control was investigated in some parts of Cross River State, Nigeria. A total of 230 finger prick samples of blood were examined for the presence of [....] » Read More
Infectious diseases continue to pose a major global health threat, made worse by the continuous emergence of new pathogens, especially viruses, and the increasing spread of antibiotic-resistant strains. Viral infections, in particular, are a serious concern due to their ability t [....] » Read More
Introduction: Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection transmitted through unpasteurized food or direct contact with infected animals. With over 500,000 cases annually, relapses are rare, occurring in 5-30% of cases, typically within six months and in immunocompromised individuals or [....] » Read More
Fournier’s Gangrene is an aggressive form of genital necrotizing fasciitis with a mortality rate of 22% – 40%. Clinical features include pain out of proportion to area of erythema, fever, edema, and significant skin discoloration. While traditionally associated with s [....] » Read More
Ongoing climate change is reshaping ecosystems worldwide, creating new niches and conditions that accelerate the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. In the marine realm, higher ocean temperatures, altered currents, and shifting species distributions are increasingly link [....] » Read More
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has not yet been eradicated. SARS-CoV-2 has two types of proteases, a main protease (Mpro) and a papain-like protease (PLpro). Papain-like protease (PLpro) is a viral p [....] » Read More
Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a zoonotic infectious disease prevalent in East Asia, with a mortality rate of 5–30%. Despite trials with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and antiviral treatments, no established treatment strategy exists f [....] » Read More
Background: Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) is a viral tick-borne disease with high mortality rates, particularly in East Asia. Despite advances in understanding its pathophysiology, effective treatment strategies remain limited. The Multiple Organ Dysfunction [....] » Read More
Background: Platelets have been found to play a crucial role in the immune response during infections, with a low platelet count at admission associated with adverse outcomes after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study aimed to investi [....] » Read More
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a substantial public health challenge, yet the economic burden of non-hepatic non-communicable diseases (NHNCDs) caused by HBV remains unquantified. We aim to quantify macroeconomic losses of NHNCDs attributable to HBV on a glob [....] » Read More
Background/Rationale: Fungal infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare debilitating opportunistic infection with high mortality and difficulty in diagnosing1. It frequently affects prosthetic valves2 and is associated with long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN)3. This case is a [....] » Read More
Background: To examine the COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy level and influencing factors among parents of children aged 5–17 years residing in San Juan City. Results determined parental concerns and identified effective measures for health education. Objectives: To determ [....] » Read More
Background: Snakebite envenoming has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the highest priority neglected tropical diseases. Globally, snakebite results in a significant burden of illness, including the Philippines. Snake venom is composed of various to [....] » Read More
Introduction: Surgical site infection is common in gynaecological oncology surgery worldwide. It constitutes a burden to patients and to the healthcare system. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a lockdown across the globe to minimise human contact, therefore curbing the spread of [....] » Read More
Background: Infection with the Dengue virus (DENV) among blood donors presents a significant risk to blood safety and can lead to transfusion-transmitted dengue. Studies conducted in various regions have reported varying prevalence rates of DENV markers among blood donors. Higher [....] » Read More
Statement of the Problem: Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death in children worldwide, accounting for 15% of all deaths in children under the age of five. Hypoxemia is a major cause of death in patients suffering from pneumonia. There is strong evidence that using pu [....] » Read More
Background: Peripheral intravenous (PIV) lines are a critical aspect of patient care in hospitals, but their improper management can lead to complications such as infections, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia. Studies have shown that 46.2% of [....] » Read More
Objective: With the rapid development of laser application technology in recent years, it is possible to carry out rapid and environmentally friendly disinfection by using laser to generate pulsed ultraviolet radiation in specific bands. The germicidal efficacy of continuous ultr [....] » Read More
Objective: With the rapid development of laser application technology in recent years, it is possible to carry out rapid and environmentally friendly disinfection by using laser to generate pulsed ultraviolet radiation in specific bands. The germicidal efficacy of continuous ultr [....] » Read More
Background: Toxoplasma encephalitis represents a prevalent late-stage complication of severe immunodeficiency in patients living with HIV. Within resource-constrained settings in the Philippines, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole is the sole available therapeutic intervention for thi [....] » Read More
Introduction: Influenza is a significant global public health threat whose epidemiology is well-documented in high-income countries, whereas data from the African continent, including Tanzania, is still limited. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and prac [....] » Read More
Antibiotic resistance is a pressing global health challenge, particularly in critical care settings. In Ecuador, intensive care units frequently employ high dose antibiotic regimens for sepsis management, despite limited evidence validating this practice. This perspective evaluat [....] » Read More
Treatment of infectious diseases with antibiotics is a marvel of medicine and the most significant clinical developments of the 21st century. However, the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance genes especially in gran-negative bacteria in the healthcare settings, community, [....] » Read More
Virus infection causes rapid induction of antiviral and inflammatory genes in infected cells, leading to an antiviral state in the host. Inflammation in the early stages of the infection is beneficial; however, hyperinflammation, caused by cytokine storm, contributes to the patho [....] » Read More
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a pathogenic respiratory virus that is considered to affect not only children but also adults, especially elderly persons aged ≥65 years. However, in Japan, the annual epidemic situation and severity of RSV infections in these a [....] » Read More
Background: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) occurs within 48 hours of mechanical ventilation and up to 48 hours after extubation, often caused by bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae etc in the secretion above [....] » Read More
Species of spirochete bacteria of the genus Borrelia termed Lyme disease Borreliae (LDB) cause Lyme disease (LD) and others of the relapsing fever Borreliae (RFB) group cause tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF). Clinical diagnosis of LD relies heavily on serodiagnosis, notably a cu [....] » Read More
Background: Clinical Rickettsial diseases are found worldwide, yet these agents are not amenable to in vitro propagation outside of proper BSL2 facilities. Diagnosis has utilized both PCR and antibody detection, with serology products currently available for automated (ELISA), ma [....] » Read More
At the onset of a pandemic, when no effective medicine or vaccine is available, governments implement non-pharmaceutical interventions to control the outbreak. The effectiveness of these policies depends on individuals' compliance, which is inherently uncertain, necessitating [....] » Read More
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is responsible for 4.95 million human deaths per year and is estimated to rise to 10 million deaths annually, if left uncontrolled. Accurate, sensitive and synchronised national and global AMR detection and surveillance efforts are crucial now more [....] » Read More
Disseminated fusariosis is a rare but often fatal opportunistic fungal infection that predominantly affects immunocompromised individuals with a mortality rate of over 80%. Prognosis is determined by the degree of immunosuppression and extent of infection. A 55-year-old caucas [....] » Read More
Introduction: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly recognized as an invaluable diagnostic tool in emergency medicine. This case series demonstrates the utility of POCUS in evaluating soft tissue and musculoskeletal infections, highlighting its superiority over clinica [....] » Read More
Background: A Significant proportion of COVID-19 survivors experience persistent symptoms, which might include neurological and psychiatric disturbances. This phenomenon has been termed “Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19” (PASC). This study seeks to chart the cognitive [....] » Read More
The value of engaging prison inmates as Irish Red Cross peer-educators in all Irish Prisons over the last fourteen years for health promotion, awareness-raising, advocacy for testing, ‘case-finding’ and ‘seek and treat’ have been impressive. This successfu [....] » Read More
Human and experimental malaria (EM) are associated with neurocognitive sequelae (NCS), especially in the most severe form of the disease; cerebral malaria (CM). NCS, related to learning and memory, are also observed in human non-severe malaria (nSM), mainly in children and the el [....] » Read More
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), also known as Kala-azar, is a zoonotic disease caused by leishmania and transmitted by the bite of vector sand fly, which has already been listed as one of the neglected tropical diseases by World Health Organization. In recent years, the canine VL ha [....] » Read More
Background: Leptospirosis, a potentially fatal zoonotic infection, has been on the rise in Kerala, India particularly among individuals involved in water-related occupations and activities. With increasing incidence and mortality rates, there is an urgent need to identify key ris [....] » Read More
Conventional mathematical models of infectious diseases frequently overlook the spatial spread of the disease concentrating only on local transmission. However, spatial propagation of various diseases have been noted between geographical regions mainly due to the movement of infe [....] » Read More
Background: Cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis is a common manifestation of cryptococcosis and disseminated infection, often seen in immunosuppressed patients and untreated AIDS. Common immunosuppression causes glucocorticoid therapy, organ transplantation, cancer, and o [....] » Read More
The apicomplexan parasite Theileria parva causes East Coast fever (ECF), one of the most important and lethal tick-borne diseases of cattle in sub-Saharan Africa, resulting in annual losses exceeding US $300 million to the livestock industry. ECF diagnosis primarily relies on cli [....] » Read More
This presentation highlights how One Health Animal Disaster Management (OHADM) decision-making can support veterinarians, as members of incident management teams, to incorporate their professional duties regarding animal care and animal-human-environmental health in all stages of [....] » Read More
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a common virus usually associated with roseola in children. However, reactivation in immunocompetent adults is particularly rare. This, however, can cause diagnostic challenges, which delays the identification and treatment. When HHV-6 reactivates i [....] » Read More
Background: Acute urinary retention (AUR) is an uncommon emergency presentation in women and warrants a broad and systematic diagnostic approach. While obstructive, neurological, pharmacological, and infective causes are well-recognised, genital herpes is rarely considered the pr [....] » Read More
Background: The decline in global COVID-19 testing has reduced attention to public health measures designed to mitigate infections among vulnerable populations at heightened risk of severe outcomes and long-term complications. With a lack of current guidance and misinformation ar [....] » Read More
Introduction. Infection with hepatitis C virus (hepatitis C) is an important medical and social problem in Poland and worldwide. In Poland, approximately 2% of the total population is infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) (estimated at 730,000 people). HCV is an etiologic factor [....] » Read More
Background: Sexual health awareness and the uptake of STI prevention services remain critically low among young people in Albania. National data show limited use of condoms, low STI testing rates, and insufficient sexual health education. While misinformation and stigma are frequ [....] » Read More
Objective: Vaccines are the most cost-effective public health tools for preventing infectious diseases and disease-related disabilities and deaths. Millions of children are saved every year through vaccination. However, increasing the rate of success through more vaccination is p [....] » Read More
SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that affects the human immune system. It was observed to be on the rise since the beginning of 2020 and turned into a life-threatening pandemic. Scientists have tried to develop a possible preventive and therapeutic drug against severe acute respiratory synd [....] » Read More
Background: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) occurs within 48 hours of mechanical ventilation and up to 48 hours after extubation, often caused by bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae etc in the secretion above [....] » Read More
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a tumor-like disease predominantly located in the liver caused by persistent infection with the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis. Much evidence has demonstrated that E. multilocularis is a successful parasite through its ability to shape an &ldq [....] » Read More
Introduction: COVID-19 was an amplifier of global vulnerabilities such as climate change, poverty/social exclusion, curative health systems, poor surveillance capacity and a silent pandemic of chronic diseases. By the middle 2020, several studies described the so-called long COVI [....] » Read More
Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major yet preventable cause of poor post-operative clinical outcomes, prolonged ICU/hospital stay, increased antibiotic consumption and added cost of therapy. Low- and Middle-income Countries (LMICs) have disproportionately higher [....] » Read More
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a single-stranded DNA virus that infects erythroid progenitor cells, often leading to complications such as transient aplastic crises, particularly in individuals with blood dyscrasias. This study focuses on the serological and molecular-genetic character [....] » Read More
Background: Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare skin lymphoma characterized by infiltration of the subcutaneous tissues with cytotoxic T cells without associated lymph node involvement. STPCL is diagnostically challenging, particularly in early stages [....] » Read More
Leishmaniasis in Peru is a public health concern and affects inhabitants of endemic areas and also people who go to jungle regions for short or long time, where the Leishmania parasite fulfills its life cycle. There is a high incidence of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis [....] » Read More
Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening infectious condition with a high global morbidity and mortality rate1. The global incidence of IE reaches 13.8 cases per 100,000 population annually, with an estimated 66,300 deaths2. Approximately 10% of all IE cases [....] » Read More
Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) are two among other forms of infections for which co-infection in HIV has been associated with alteration of the immune response, increased risk of progression to liver diseases and increased risk of hepatotoxicity associated to antiretroviral therap [....] » Read More
Introduction: Liver abscesses caused by viridans streptococci are rare, especially in patients with underlying malignancies. These abscesses are typically polymicrobial and often linked to gastrointestinal or biliary pathology. The emergence of viridans streptococci as a primary [....] » Read More
Background: Ocular leptospirosis, a severe yet underrecognized complication of systemic leptospirosis, is an emerging global health concern. Primarily affecting tropical and subtropical regions, this neglected zoonotic disease contributes to significant morbidity and vision loss, [....] » Read More
This case highlights a delayed HIV diagnosis in a 78-year-old female despite multiple clinical encounters over four years. The patient presented with multiple HIV indicator conditions, including unexplained weight loss, lymphadenopathy, and esophageal candidiasis. Due to demograp [....] » Read More
Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) accounts for over 100,000 hospital admissions a year in the United Kingdom (UK). There is a need for a standardisation of the diagnosis and management of CAP, further highlighted by the variation in the number and length of CAP admis [....] » Read More
Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of malaria in Trinidad and Tobago from 1997 to 2019 and to make recommendations for prevention and control on a background of migration and climate change. Study design: A retrospective review of surveill [....] » Read More
Meningoencephalitis is a significant global burden of morbidity, mortality, and lasting neurological damage, with various causes including viral, non-viral infections, and autoimmune processes. In the West, autoimmune encephalitis has become more common than any individual infect [....] » Read More
Introduction: Viral pulmonary infections have caused high morbidities worldwide since the advent of outbreaks of SARS-CoV, H1N1 influenza, MERS-CoV and the more recent SARS-CoV-2 virus discovered in China in 2019. This novel virus has caused a global pandemic in the year 2020 wit [....] » Read More
Introduction: Health care systems and societies being overloaded by long-term effects after SARS-CoV-2 infection. According to the UK’s latest National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines post-COVID-19 syndrome is when the symptoms persist beyond 12 weeks in [....] » Read More
Introduction: Lemierre's syndrome (LS) is a rare complication of oropharyngeal infection characterized by septic thrombophlebitis in the Internal Jugular Vein. Despite this being a common occurrence before the era of antibiotics, with beta-lactam drug usage, this pathology ha [....] » Read More
Introduction: Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) include a range of conditions affecting the skin layers and underlying connective tissue, including erysipelas, cellulitis, impetigo, and ecthyma. These infections are among the most common reasons for outpatient visits and ho [....] » Read More
Tuberculosis is a highly prevalent communicable disease with the most common presentation being of pulmonary origin. It is mostly found in the South Asian and Sub-Saharan African regions. One possible extrapulmonary manifestation is that involving the central nervous system, whic [....] » Read More
Dengue infection is currently one of the most important mosquito-borne viral diseases in the tropical parts of the world (WHO, 1999).1 When it comes to viral infections like Dengue Fever, nutritional status is a key factor to immune functions since it has an influence on genomics [....] » Read More
Enzootic pneumonia is a disesease caused by M.hyopneumoniae (Mh).The immunomodulator RS-100 we used in this study is of vegetable origin. Clinical, serologic and leuko parameters in piglets treated with the RS100 and challenged with Mh. For 15 days no clinical signs were observed [....] » Read More
In Kenya, goats represent the country’s most abundant livestock resource, with an estimated population of approximately 28 million. Mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland, is a significant health issue for goats, negatively impacting their productivity and reproduct [....] » Read More
Background: Measles Virus (MeV) causes a highly contagious disease (MeV) associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of an effective two-dose vaccine regimen, measles continues to be a substantial public health problem globally. This study assess [....] » Read More
Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM) is a pulmonary hypersensitivity disease to various fungi. The most common causative Aspergillus fumigatus, however, there are other saprophyte fungi that have been identified that cause ABPM such as Candida albicans, Bipolaris spp , Schyso [....] » Read More
Sepsis is a critical condition characterized by dysregulated inflammation. In the early phase, innate immune cells undergo a metabolic shift from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, fueling excessive cytokine production. To explore this phenomenon, we analyzed [....] » Read More
Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are globally prevalent human pathogens associated with a wide range of diseases, from mild conditions such as herpes labialis to serious infections such as encephalitis. Like other herpesviruses, HSV can establish lifelong latent inf [....] » Read More
Sepsis remains a critical challenge in rural healthcare settings in the United States, where limited resources and inconsistent adherence to evidence-based protocols contribute to poor patient outcomes. This quality improvement project evaluated the impact of structured sepsis ed [....] » Read More
Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare, life-threatening infection of the deep soft tissues that results in progressive destruction of the muscle fascia and overlying subcutaneous fat, causing tissue necrosis and systemic toxicity. This case report describes a 30-year-old obese femal [....] » Read More
Background: Septic shock, a severe manifestation of sepsis, is characterized by life-threatening circulatory and metabolic abnormalities, leading to organ dysfunction. Despite global efforts to standardize sepsis management, septic shock remains a significant contributor to [....] » Read More
We present the case of a 62-year-old incarcerated African American male with a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) post-stent placement, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), recently diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [....] » Read More
Background: Dengue fever remains a significant public health concern in Pakistan, with twelve large outbreaks over the past three decades, culminating in an astonishing total of 286,262 morbidities and 1,108 mortalities. Haphazard urbanization, climate change, and insufficient ve [....] » Read More
Method: We retrospectively observed all patients that were transplanted in our center between 1.4.18 and 31.3.21. We analyzed data on patients who have developed CMV viremia in the first year post transplantation and followed them for three years. We focused on clinical ch [....] » Read More
Background: Blood borne viruses (BBVs), principally HIV and Hepatitis B&C are a major public health challenge. In the UK, ethnic minority populations face a disproportionate burden of infection. BBVs are now largely treatable once detected, but there are significant missed op [....] » Read More
Sepsis has high morbidity and mortality, and continues to be a focus of innovation and improvement internationally. Blood cultures are the single most important microbiological diagnostic tool in the septic patient. Recent guidance produced by NHS England has highlighted th [....] » Read More
Background: Pertussis (whooping cough) is a highly infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. Malignant pertussis affects young infants, characterized by respiratory distress, perpetual tachycardia and hyperleukocytosis up to 30 G/l, leading to multiple organ failu [....] » Read More
Background: Pertussis (whooping cough) is a highly infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis. Malignant pertussis affects young infants, characterized by respiratory distress, perpetual tachycardia and hyperleukocytosis up to 30 G/l, leading to multiple organ [....] » Read More
Background: Bloodstream infections (BSI) carry substantial morbidity and mortality, requiring prompt antimicrobial administration. Many global infectious disease and sepsis guidelines suggest a multi-site sampling strategy of blood cultures to diagnose BSI, however, a growing bod [....] » Read More
LabGenius is a newly developed in Biomedux Co(Republic of Korea) for Fully Automated Nucleic Acid Testing System(FANATS). It can be operated as, so-called, Sample-to-results, a Point of care Testing. Using this FANATS, we have performed the clinical trials to assess clinical sens [....] » Read More
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating the development of effective diagnostic tools for early detection and timely intervention. Among the various biomarkers for HIV detection, the p24 antigen serves as a pivotal marker, e [....] » Read More
Achromobacter xylosoxidans, formerly called Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, is an oxidase-positive, non-fermentative bacilli primarily found in contaminated soil or water. Irrespective of the age group, it primarily causes opportunistic infections in certain conditions and hospital-acq [....] » Read More
Rickettsioses encompass a group of diseases caused by Rickettsia, which are responsible for endemic typhus, murine typhus, scrub typhus, and spotted fever. Due to the similarity in clinical presentations, rickettsioses are often misdiagnosed as other causes of acute fever. Here w [....] » Read More
Introduction: Background: HIV infection leads to progressive immune decline and increased vulnerability to opportunistic infections, primarily driven by viral replication and the depletion of CD4+ T-cells. Host genetic factors, particularly variations within the HLA region, have [....] » Read More
Introduction: Since early 2022, Ukraine has faced unprecedented challenges due to the ongoing war following Russia's aggression. At the same time, the country, like the rest of the world, continues to confront the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has exacerbated vari [....] » Read More
The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the risks for thrombotic complications associated with acute respiratory failure. Severe forms are associated with a hypercoagulable state due to excessive inflammation, hyperfibrinogenemia, hypoxia, altered angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and [....] » Read More
We present a case of 34 y old male who initially presented to emergency department with multiple episodes of vomiting and diarrhoea accompanied by lower urinary tract symptoms. There was no history of binge alcohol intake, eating takeaway food or travel. On review of his observat [....] » Read More
COVID-19 disease is associated with the emerging RNA virus, called SARS-CoV-2, which belongs to the Coronaviridae family, ubiquitous respiratory viruses among humans and mammals. A positive diagnosis is obtained through Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) fro [....] » Read More
Toxocariasis is a parasitosis caused by the accidental ingestion of eggs from a nematode of the Ascarid family (most commonly Toxocara canis). Ocular localization results from the migration of the larva into the eyeball, which is generally benign but can, in some cases, lead to d [....] » Read More
Title : 2000 years of pandemics: Past, present and future
Claudia Ferreira, Biophytis Sorbonne, France
A pandemic is considered as an outbreak of a disease occurring over a wide geographic area, crossing national borders, and affecting a high proportion of the world. During the 1st millennium AD, three main pandemics emerged. The Antonine Plague (165-190 AD), caused by hemorrhagic [....] » Read More
Title : Role of mast cells in infection and inflammation
Pio Conti, University in Chieti, Italy
Mast cells (MCs) originate from CD34+/CD117+/CD13+ pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells and they express the c-Kit receptor (c-Kit-R) which regulates their proliferation and sustains their survival, differentiation, and maturation. MCs are immune tissue cells derived from bone ma [....] » Read More
Title : Tubercular disease in children: Optimizing treatment strategies through disease insights
Elena Chiappini, University of Florence, Italy
Background: Paediatric tuberculosis (TB) represents a critical health concern due to the significant risk of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB), severe disease forms, and the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant strains (DR-TB). Understanding the clinical characteristics of affected chi [....] » Read More
Title : Effect of glutathione on antibiotic susceptibility and resistance in bacteria
Dong H Kwon, Long Island University, United States
Infections with antibiotic resistance are associated with millions of deaths annually and are a significant healthcare challenge. A new antibiotic or strategy is an urgent priority to reduce antibiotic resistance. Glutathione (GSH) is a biogenic thiol compound for an optimal intr [....] » Read More
Title : Systems vaccinology
Nadine Rouphael, The Hope Clinic of Emory University, United States
Vaccines are among the most transformative public health tools, yet translating findings from animal models to humans poses challenges. Translational immunology bridges basic science and clinical applications, fostering advancements like systems vaccinology. This systems-based ap [....] » Read More
Title : A platform for rapid, sensitive detection of aerosolized pathogens in exhaled breath and ambient indoor air
Thomas Cirrito, Varro Holdings, Inc., United States
Respiratory infections are among the top two causes of treat-and-release Emergency Department (ED) visits in the USA. Globally, respiratory infections accounted for ~42.8% of all- cause illnesses in 2019. The combined forces of rapid urbanization, globalization, and easy internat [....] » Read More
Title : Investigation of the HPV 53 E2 protein as a potential treatment for cervical cancer
Carlo Ferrazzano, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
Human papilloma virus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are the most common cause of cervical cancer where integration-associated loss-of-function of the viral E2 protein promotes malignant progression. HPV type 53 is a low-risk virus which does not promote malignant changes and the current [....] » Read More
Title : Advancing biosafety in microbial sorting: A novel approach to containment and contamination prevention
Chengjun Jin, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Germany
Sorting of microorganisms and infectious materials presents significant biosafety challenges, including aerosol formation, contamination risks, and hazardous waste disposal. Traditional cell sorting methods rely on fluidic systems, which increase the likelihood of cross-contamina [....] » Read More
Title : Loss of ballance
Kurt E. Muller, Dresden International University, Germany
Most human functional systems are dual organized, with a supporting and a controlling system that maintains the balance of both through feedback mechanisms. In the case of illness, dysregulation is a temporarily necessary process that should end with the restauration of bal [....] » Read More
Title : FawCells, The universal alternative for antibiotics
Fawzy Abdelatty, Heidelberger Center for Cellular Therapy, Germany
FawCells are Methylation Induced Pluripotent Cells which are prepared from peripheral blood samples. For patients, these samples can be obtained from autologous, heterologous or xenographic sources. These cells are very potent in infection prevention and control. They have the po [....] » Read More
Title : First application of CUT&Tag in bacteria reveals unconventional G-quadruplex landscape in mycobacterium tuberculosis: A novel defense mechanism against oxidative stress
Emanuela Ruggiero, University of Padova, Italy
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, remains a global health threat due to increasing drug resistance and high mortality rates. To combat tuberculosis effectively, novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. G-quadruplexes (G4s) represent prom [....] » Read More
Title : Tissue-invasive disease and cytomegalovirus: Cytomegalovirus trigger or killer? Two cases observed in an internal unit
Daniela Tirotta, Morgagni - Pierantoni Hospital in Forlì, Italy
Background: Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a Herpesviridae virus with a wide spectrum of pathology in humans. The major determinant of the clinical manifestation of CMV is host immunity and clinical manifestations can vary widely in the pratical setting. Immunocompetent patients [....] » Read More
Title : Zoonotic potential of rotaviruses detected in the Czech pig farms
Romana Moutelikova, Veterinary Research Institute, Czech Republic
Porcine rotaviruses A (RVA) are known for their complex epidemiology, pathogenicity and great genetic diversity. From a veterinary point of view, RVA represents one of the most important causes of acute diarrhoea of young animals. Apart from the first days of life, piglets are at [....] » Read More
Title : Comparative effectiveness of different therapies for Clostridioides difficile infection in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Daniel S. Bednarik, Semmelweis University, Hungary
Background: Dániel S. Bednárik Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most common and serious causes of healthcare-associated diarrhea, with significant morbidity and mortality. The incidence of CDI is increasing worldwide and it is therefore ess [....] » Read More
Title : Latin America and the Caribbean consortium: Connecting excellence to enhance the skills base of local research teams in emerging infectious diseases
Fernando Rubinstein, Instituto de Efectividad Clinica y Sanitaria, Argentina
Introduction: To respond to the emerging Zika outbreak, a community of practice (CoP) was created to provide support to implement high-quality, coherent research in affected communities in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The achievements of this CoP laid the groundwork for [....] » Read More
Title : Universal PCR assays to detect Candida FKS and ERG11 mutations
Cheung Yuk Yam, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong
The emergence of antifungal resistance in Candida species presents significant challenges in managing infections, particularly among immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to develop rapid molecular assays for detecting mutations in the FKS genes across four clinically sign [....] » Read More
Title : Novel antibiotic adjuvant exerts potent antimicrobial activity against MRSA and synergistically restores colistin activity in MDRO
Susu Zughaier, Qatar University, Qatar
Background: The rise in global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) critically threatens human health. Multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) are causing healthcare and community-acquired infections. In 2019, AMR of pathogens such as Escherichia coli (E .coli) and Staphylococc [....] » Read More
Title : Development of antimicrobial peptides… Rational design of SAMA and HAZ peptides
Mohammad Alsaggar, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
The rise in microbial resistance to antibiotics represents a significant global public health concern, underscoring the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising candidates for therapeutic development. In this study, we de [....] » Read More
Title : Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile among different stages of COVID-19 infection
Gaurav Gupta, AIIMS, India
Aim: to characterize Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-?, and IL-17A) among different stages of COVID-19 infection. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which included 6 healthy individuals and 68 patients who were admitted with COVI [....] » Read More
Title : A cohort study of the spectrum of coagulopathy in acute sepsis and its correlation with physiological scores and outcome
Aishwarya Vyas, SMS Medical College, India
Purpose: To evaluate the spectrum of coagulopathy in acute sepsis and to correlate it with sequential physiological scores (SOFA & APACHE II) and compare the findings among survivors and non-survivors. Design: Prospective cohort Methods: It is a prospective [....] » Read More
Title : IPC capacity building- Orientation training for COVID-19 preparedness and IPC for healthcare facilities
Arya S Kumar, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, India
Introduction: Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) is crucial in healthcare settings, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to enhance IPC practices across various healthcare facilities in Kerala, India, marking the first multicenter initiative of its [....] » Read More
Title : Addressing the intersection of long COVID, inflammation, and cancer in the public health care sector of South Africa
Kyrtania Pather, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), has emerged as a significant public health concern globally. Characterized by persistent symptoms such as fatigue, chronic inflammation, and immune dysregulation, Long COVID is believed to increase the risk of non [....] » Read More
Title : Cooling tower culprit or community clue? A modern approach to legionella surveillance
Kinta Alexander, New York City Health and Hospitals, United States
Introduction: Legionella disease (LD) is primarily transmitted through the inhalation of aerosolized water droplets containing Legionella bacteria, often originating from water sources such as cooling towers. In August and September 2021, an Infection Prevention team at a New Yor [....] » Read More
Title : Innovative sensor for rapid sepsis detection using Raman Spectroscopy
Manal Hassan, Qatar University, Qatar
Background: Sepsis being one of the leading causes of mortality and hence causing a burden on the healthcare system without a standard detection test. Therefore, this in turn delays the time to detection leading to non-responsive empirical treatment options. The huge burden [....] » Read More
Title : An atypical case of EPEC HUS in an adult
Srikrishnan Pichuthirumalai, HCA Clear Lake Hospital, United States
Introduction: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is a life-threatening condition characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury (AKI). It is commonly associated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). However, Enteropathogenic Escherichia co [....] » Read More
Title : Revolutionary incidents: Exploiting naturally occurring outbreaks of disease for military gain
Alexia Gordon, US Army Nuclear & Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Agency, United States
Military leaders and planners acknowledge the risks to military operations posed by deliberate attacks with biological weapons. However, the potential for adversaries to exploit naturally occurring disease outbreaks remains underappreciated. This paper examines two historical ins [....] » Read More
Title : An atypical case of a Helicobacter infection in an immunocompromised host
Mohamad Rani Hassoun, Mayo Clinic, United States
In the realm of gastrointestinal diseases, Helicobacter pylori is a well-known pathogen associated with several conditions, such as certain gastric malignancies and peptic ulcer disease. Cutaneous involvement of Helicobacter, however, is exceedingly rare but has been reported in [....] » Read More
Title : Mitigate cross-contamination hazards by sorting samples within a closed cartridge
Chengjun Jin, Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Germany
Background: The isolation of pathogens and immune cells from hazardous samples is essential for immunological and infectious disease research. However, traditional droplet-based cell sorters pose risks of aerosol formation, exposure to infectious materials, and cross-contaminatio [....] » Read More
Title : Efficient removal of antibiotics from water using a highly crosslinked metal-alginate system; A novel strategy to fight against antimicrobial resistance
Nicole Azizeh, Kingston University London, United Kingdom
ATBs are substances designed to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria on or within the body. This makes ATBs essential substances to treat infectious diseases caused by bacteria. The discovery of antibiotics (ATBs) marked one of the greatest medical achievements in history, savi [....] » Read More
Title : Profiling of human IL-22+ T cell clones from patients affected with schistosoma mansoni: Insights into macrophage regulation and liver fibrosis
Fernanda Scopelliti, National Institute for Health, Italy
Tissue damage caused by Schistosoma mansoni infection is primarily due to a granulomatous, T-cell-mediated response to eggs, which ultimately leads to liver fibrosis and portal hypertension. In the early phase of infection, the immune response is dominated by Th1 lymphocytes; how [....] » Read More
Title : Genomic epidemiology-informed phage therapy: Tackling acinetobacter baumannii infections in Eastern and Southern Europe
Hadj Mehdi Hiba, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Hungary
Phage therapy is gaining significant interest in combating critically antibiotic-resistant nosocomial pathogens. However, the narrow host range of bacteriophages limits the development of broadly effective therapies, necessitating precision approaches. In this study, we integrate [....] » Read More
Title : Microbiological activity of bovhyaluronidaze azoximer against microbial biofilms
Roman Kozlov, Smolenks State Medical University, Russian Federation
Background. Biofilm-related infections are most often characterized by low susceptibility to treatment due to the difficulty of antibiotics penetration into the biofilm. This fact repeatedly increases the level of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In turn, the spread of AMR signifi [....] » Read More
Title : Clinical trials of the fully automated nucleic acid testing system (LabGenius) for CT/NG STI diseases
Hye Ji Yang, Biomedux Co, Korea, Republic of
LabGenius is a newly developed in Biomedux Co(Korea) for Fully Automated Nucleic Acid Testing System(FANATS). It can be operated as so-called, sample-to-results, a Point of care Testing. Using this FANATS, we have performed for clinical trials for CT/NG STI infection disease at C [....] » Read More
Title : Exploring non-carbapenem options for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia in emergency room: Focusing on Piperacillin-tazobactam
Sung Wook Song, Jeju National University, Korea, Republic of
Background: In emergency room settings, the management of bacteremia caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) is critical. Traditionally, carbapenems are the recommended treatment, but their use raises concerns about resistance. This [....] » Read More
Title : Prevalence and determinants of acute stress disorder among COVID-19 survivors during the pandemic’s final phase: A cross-sectional study in seven major Chinese cities
Ziying Yang, Sun Yat-sen University, China
Background: Acute stress disorder (ASD) is commonly observed among individuals who have been infected with COVID-19 (PEIC) and may progress to post-traumatic stress disorder. Following the relaxation of COVID-19 control measures in China during November/December 2022, the infecti [....] » Read More
Title : Invasive fungal sinusitis, correlation of the radiological and intraoperative findings
Nikrish S Hegde, Indian Radiological and Imaging Association, India
Acute invasive fungal sinusitis though uncommonly encountered, is a life threatening condition with a high mortality rate. It progresses rapidly from the time of diagnosis and may result in death in a short span of time if left untreated. Here we present the MRI / CT imaging find [....] » Read More
Title : Atypical lemierre syndrome in an infant presenting as neck abscess: A rare case report
Vaishnavi Sreenivasan, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, India
Lemierre syndrome, a rare life-threatening complication of anaerobic oropharyngeal infection initially described in 1936, has now emerged as a subject of interest in the era of antimicrobial resistance. This syndrome is characterized by primary infection originating from the ear [....] » Read More
Title : Overlooked possible menace to life also known as PML
Alejandro Carmona Casillas, University of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico
Introduction: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a relatively rare manifestation of immunosuppressed patients due to medication or diseases such as HIV/AIDS. PML arises from the reactivation of the human polyomavirus, more commonly known as JC virus. Over th [....] » Read More
Title : A single center retrospective study on the incidence and clinical outcomes of patients infected with Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC)-producing klebsiella pneumoniae
Kevin Cezar A. Estacio, Dr. Paulino J. Garcia Memorial Research Medical Center, Philippines
Introduction: Currently, one of the most significant nosocomial pathogens is Klebsiella pneumoniae strains that produce carbapenemase, in fact it is one of the most prevalent carbapenemase genes worldwide. Its rise also become a major global public health concern, and the be [....] » Read More
Title : False-negative HIV antibody test results in a patient with advanced HIV disease – related disseminated histoplasmosis
Maria Venice Velasco Atienza, Philippine Society of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Philippines
Background: Disseminated or extrapulmonary histoplasmosis is seen in patients with impaired T- lymphocyte function. As one of the AIDS-defining conditions, the diagnosis of histoplasmosis is an indication to recommend HIV screening and testing. Case: We report a case of a [....] » Read More
Title : Incidence of acute pancreatitis among patients with moderate to severe leptospirosis and its clinical outcomes: A single center retrospective study in a tertiary hospital
Karizza Angeles, Dr. Paulino J. Garcia Memorial Research Medical Center, Philippines
Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is considered as an uncommon complication of leptospirosis. However, literatures suggested that this condition still occurs among leptospirosis patients. This study aims to determine the incidence of acute pancreatitis in moderate [....] » Read More
Title : Mpox in patients seen at the research institute for tropical medicine: A case series
L. Angelique Gene E. Duran, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Philippines
Background: WHO declared the Mpox outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern twice in 3 years, in July 2022 and August 2024. To date, the Philippines has reported 15 confirmed cases. We described the demographics, clinical presentations, transmission ris [....] » Read More
Title : Wastewater surveillance for emerging viruses
Samendra Sherchan, Morgan State University, United States
Since it was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has been known to exhibit notoriety due to the number of people infected and dead over a period of three years. This study was to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral fragments i [....] » Read More
Title : Eastern equine encephalitis: A rare case with minimal drama in brain’s theater
Shanmukha Priya Peddireddy, Nuvance Health, United States
Introduction: Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) is a rare zoonotic viral disease caused by the Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEEV), which belongs to the Togaviridae family. While human infections are uncommon, they carry a high mortality rate of approximately 33%. Survivors [....] » Read More
Title : Exploring the antibacterial efficacy of adam series compounds against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates
Balsam Qubais Saeed, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Antibiotics significantly reducing morbidity and mortality from bacterial infections. The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a pressing global health, endangering the effectiveness of our most potent antibiotics. This study investigates the antibacterial efficacy [....] » Read More