Acanthamoeba Infection

Acanthamoeba infection, caused by the free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba, is a rare but potentially severe condition that primarily affects the eyes, skin, and central nervous system. Ocular Acanthamoeba keratitis is the most common manifestation, often associated with contact lens use and poor hygiene practices. The amoeba can invade the cornea, leading to painful symptoms such as eye redness, photophobia, and blurred vision. Prompt diagnosis is challenging, requiring specialized laboratory techniques, and treatment involves aggressive antimicrobial therapy. In severe cases, corneal transplantation may be necessary to restore vision. Beyond ocular involvement, Acanthamoeba can cause cutaneous infections, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems or open skin wounds. These infections may manifest as painful skin lesions and ulcers. Additionally, Acanthamoeba granulomatous encephalitis (GAE) can occur in immunocompromised individuals, leading to severe neurological symptoms and a high mortality rate. Diagnosis of GAE is often post-mortem due to its rapid and fatal progression.