A drug may be defined as any artificial, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule that exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism, and pharmacology is a branch of medicine, biology, and pharmaceutical sciences concerned with drug or medication action (sometimes the word pharmakon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species). It is the study of how chemicals interact with living organisms to impact normal or pathological biochemical function. Pharmaceuticals are defined as compounds that have therapeutic effects. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics are the two primary branches of pharmacology. Pharmacodynamics is the study of a drug's impacts on biological systems, while pharmacokinetics is the study of a drug's effects on biological systems. Pharmacodynamics is concerned with the interactions of chemicals with biological receptors, while pharmacokinetics is concerned with the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of chemicals from biological systems. The terms pharmacology and pharmacy are not interchangeable, and the two are commonly used interchangeably.
Title : Ultrasound for diagnosing pneumonia. The place of the BLUE-protocol
Daniel A. Lichtenstein, Ambroise Pare Hospital, France
Title : Comparison between conventional endotracheal tubes and polymer-coated tubes in the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Oscar Inacio, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Brazil
Title : Clinical significance and global burden of antibiotic resistance
Reza Nassiri, Michigan State University, United States
Title : Virus/mutation-agnostic vaccines
De chu Christopher Tang, VaxDome Inc., United States
Title : Antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus spp. strains isolated from wild and farm animals - an important non-clinical problem
Krzysztof Skowron, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
Title : Challenges in implementing infection prevention and control guidelines among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from Nepal
Deepti KC, Glasgow Caledonian University, United Kingdom