A drug may be defined as any artificial, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule that exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism, and pharmacology is a branch of medicine, biology, and pharmaceutical sciences concerned with drug or medication action (sometimes the word pharmakon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species). It is the study of how chemicals interact with living organisms to impact normal or pathological biochemical function. Pharmaceuticals are defined as compounds that have therapeutic effects. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics are the two primary branches of pharmacology. Pharmacodynamics is the study of a drug's impacts on biological systems, while pharmacokinetics is the study of a drug's effects on biological systems. Pharmacodynamics is concerned with the interactions of chemicals with biological receptors, while pharmacokinetics is concerned with the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of chemicals from biological systems. The terms pharmacology and pharmacy are not interchangeable, and the two are commonly used interchangeably.
Title : The role of the humoral innate immune system in evasion of streptococcus pyogenes infections
Francis J. Castellino, University of Notre Dame, United States
Title : Global climate change and mosquito-borne diseases in coastal areas
Ranjan Ramasamy, IDFISH Technology, United States
Title : Knowledge and attitudes of parents with children aged 0-5 with respect to childhood vaccines
Furkan Torun, Ege University, Turkey
Title : Reducing caesarean section surgical site infection rate in a tertiary care hospital in India: A quality improvement initiative
Arya S Kumar, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, India
Title : Impressive virologic suppression of SHIV infection with long-term AAV delivery of monoclonal antibodies
Ronald Desrosiers, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States
Title : The effect of HBV/HCV in response to HAART in HIV patients after 24 months in Kumba Health District in the South West Region of Cameroon
Ndifontiayong Adamu Ndongho, Dschang University, Cameroon