Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a complex and advanced stage of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection, characterized by severe damage to the immune system. HIV attacks and weakens the immune system's CD4 T cells, leaving the body susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers. The progression to AIDS typically occurs when the CD4 count drops below a critical level or when specific AIDS-defining illnesses manifest. AIDS-defining conditions include opportunistic infections like Pneumocystis pneumonia, tuberculosis, and cytomegalovirus, as well as certain cancers like Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphomas. Individuals with AIDS are also at heightened risk of neurological complications, such as HIV-associated dementia. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the cornerstone of AIDS management, suppressing viral replication and slowing disease progression. Early diagnosis and consistent adherence to ART can significantly prolong and improve the quality of life for those living with HIV/AIDS. Nevertheless, addressing the broader social determinants of health, reducing stigma, and promoting preventive measures remain crucial in the global effort to control and ultimately eradicate AIDS.