Cat Scratch Diseases

Cat Scratch Disease (CSD), also known as cat scratch fever, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae. The primary mode of transmission is through scratches or bites from infected cats, particularly kittens carrying the bacterium. CSD commonly presents with swollen lymph nodes near the site of injury, along with fever, headache, and fatigue. In severe cases, complications such as neuroretinitis or disseminated infections may occur. Diagnosing CSD involves clinical evaluation, including a history of cat exposure and characteristic symptoms. Serological tests, such as enzyme immunoassays, can confirm the presence of antibodies to Bartonella henselae. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays may be used to detect the bacterium's DNA in tissue samples. Treatment for Cat Scratch Disease is usually supportive, as the majority of cases resolve spontaneously. In severe or prolonged cases, antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline may be prescribed. Preventive measures include avoiding rough play with cats, especially kittens, and promptly cleaning and disinfecting cat scratches or bites.