Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is a viral infection caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. HCV primarily targets the liver, leading to both acute and chronic hepatitis. Unlike hepatitis B, hepatitis C is primarily transmitted through contact with infected blood, often linked to practices such as intravenous drug use, unsafe medical procedures, and transfusions before widespread screening. Acute hepatitis C infections are often asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms, making early detection challenging. However, a significant proportion of individuals progress to chronic hepatitis C, which can lead to liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and other complications. Advancements in hepatitis C treatment have transformed the landscape of management. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medications, introduced in recent years, have revolutionized therapy. These medications, such as sofosbuvir, ledipasvir, and glecaprevir, have high efficacy, minimal side effects, and shorter treatment durations compared to earlier interferon-based regimens. The introduction of DAAs has enabled the achievement of sustained virologic response (SVR), indicating the absence of detectable HCV RNA in the blood. Achieving SVR is associated with a cure for hepatitis C, preventing disease progression and reducing the risk of complications, including liver cirrhosis and HCC. Global efforts to eliminate hepatitis C as a public health threat involve increasing awareness, expanding testing and diagnosis, and improving access to DAA treatment. Targeted interventions, harm reduction strategies, and healthcare system strengthening contribute to the comprehensive approach needed to achieve hepatitis C elimination goals.