Tuberculosis

Diagnosing Tuberculosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies (such as chest X-rays), and laboratory tests. The tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) help detect latent TB infection, while sputum culture and molecular tests confirm active TB disease. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for prompt initiation of treatment. The standard treatment for TB involves a combination of antibiotics, typically including isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. The duration of treatment varies but often lasts six to nine months. Drug-resistant TB requires more prolonged and complex regimens, emphasizing the importance of preventing the development of resistance through proper treatment adherence. Public health interventions play a vital role in TB control. Contact tracing, education on infection control measures, and targeted testing in high-risk populations contribute to early case detection and prevention of further transmission. BCG vaccination, although not foolproof, provides partial protection against severe forms of TB, especially in children.